Nigeria: Kidnappers Kill Dozens Despite Ransom Payments

At least 35 people kidnapped in Nigeria's Zamfara state have been killed by their captors, even after ransoms were paid for their release, a local official has confirmed to the BBC. The victims were among 56 people abducted from Banga village in the Kauran Namoda local government area in March. This latest incident highlights the persistent and brutal nature of banditry and kidnapping for ransom in Nigeria's northwest, despite government efforts to curb the practice.

Ransom Paid, Lives Lost

Manniru Haidara Kaura, chairman of the Kauran Namoda local government, stated that the kidnappers initially demanded one million naira (approximately $655; £485) per captive. After negotiations, the ransom was paid. However, instead of releasing all the hostages, the gunmen released only 18 people – 17 women and one young boy – on Saturday.

"What happened was that the bandits demanded ransom money, and after some back-and-forth, they were given what they asked for. They then released 18 people... Only they [the gunmen] know why they killed them. They are senseless and heartless people," Mr. Kaura said. He added that the deceased were "slaughtered like rams."

Sixteen of those released are currently receiving medical treatment. The bodies of the deceased are unlikely to be returned to their families, a grim reality common in such cases.

A Lucrative Criminal Enterprise

Kidnapping for ransom has become a highly lucrative criminal enterprise in northwestern Nigeria. Criminal gangs, often referred to as "bandits," operate with relative impunity, exploiting the vulnerability of rural communities. The lack of effective security and the slow response times of law enforcement have emboldened these groups.

Dr. Fatima Gambari, a security analyst specializing in Nigerian conflict dynamics, explains the complexities of the situation. "The socio-economic factors driving banditry in the northwest are deeply rooted," she says. "Poverty, lack of education, and a history of neglect by the government have created a fertile ground for these criminal groups to thrive. The promise of quick riches through kidnapping is a powerful incentive for young people who see no other viable options."

Government Response and its Limitations

In 2022, Nigeria enacted a law criminalizing ransom payments, with offenders facing a minimum of 15 years in prison. The law also stipulates the death penalty for abduction cases where victims die. However, the law has had little discernible impact, with no arrests reported under its provisions. Families, often desperate to secure the release of their loved ones, often feel compelled to pay ransoms, viewing it as the only way to ensure their safety, given the perceived inadequacy of state protection.

According to security expert, Mr. Adebayo Ogunlesi, the law faces significant challenges in its implementation. "The law is well-intentioned, but it's proving difficult to enforce," he notes. "Firstly, there's a lack of trust in the security forces among many communities, making them reluctant to report kidnapping incidents. Secondly, the bandits operate in remote areas with limited government presence, making it difficult to track and apprehend them. And thirdly, there's the ethical dilemma of whether to prioritize upholding the law or saving a life."

Historical Context and Current Reality

The problem of banditry in Nigeria's northwest is not new, but it has escalated in recent years. Historically, the region has suffered from underdevelopment and a lack of opportunities, leading to social unrest and criminal activity. The proliferation of arms, often smuggled across porous borders, has further fueled the crisis.

The current situation is exacerbated by the ongoing security challenges in other parts of Nigeria, including the Boko Haram insurgency in the northeast and communal clashes in the middle belt. This has stretched the security forces thin, making it difficult to effectively address the banditry problem in the northwest.

The Way Forward

Addressing the crisis requires a multi-faceted approach, including strengthening security forces, improving governance, and addressing the underlying socio-economic factors that drive banditry. Community engagement is also crucial to building trust and gathering intelligence. Without a comprehensive strategy, the cycle of violence and kidnapping is likely to continue, leaving communities vulnerable and traumatized.

Strengthening security presence in vulnerable areas. Improving intelligence gathering and community relations. Addressing poverty and lack of opportunities through targeted development programs. Enhancing border security to curb the flow of arms. Ensuring accountability for security forces and government officials.