Sexual Violence Soars in Goma Amidst Ongoing Conflict, Overwhelming Healthcare System

Goma, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) – A surge in sexual violence is devastating the population of Goma, the capital of North Kivu province, amidst ongoing conflict and instability. Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) reports treating nearly 40,000 women for sexual violence-related trauma in 2024 alone, highlighting the scale of the crisis.

Escalating Insecurity Fuels Crisis

The situation has deteriorated following intensified fighting between the Congolese army and various armed groups, including the M23/Alliance Fleuve Congo (AFC). While the original text mentioned M23 taking control of Goma in January 2025, this is inaccurate as of the current date. The M23 maintains a significant presence in the region and exerts considerable influence, contributing to the climate of fear and impunity that enables sexual violence. The instability has led to widespread displacement and a breakdown in social order, leaving vulnerable populations, particularly women and girls, at extreme risk.

“The ongoing conflict and displacement crisis in eastern DRC have created a perfect storm for sexual violence,” says Dr. Isabelle Defourny, Director of Operations at MSF. “The breakdown of law and order, coupled with the desperation of displaced populations, makes women incredibly vulnerable. The numbers we are seeing are simply staggering and represent only a fraction of the true extent of the problem, as many victims are too afraid or unable to seek help.”

Overwhelmed Healthcare System Struggles to Cope

The already fragile healthcare system in Goma is struggling to cope with the immense strain caused by the escalating conflict and the surge in sexual violence. Hospitals and clinics are overwhelmed, facing shortages of staff, medical supplies, and essential resources. This lack of adequate healthcare access further compounds the trauma experienced by survivors of sexual violence.

Victims of sexual violence face numerous challenges in accessing timely and appropriate care. These include:

Limited access to medical facilities due to insecurity and displacement. Stigma and fear of reprisal, preventing many from reporting incidents. Lack of specialized services, including psychological support and legal assistance. Overburdened healthcare providers struggling to provide adequate care.

Complex Drivers of Sexual Violence

The drivers of sexual violence in Goma are complex and multifaceted, rooted in the region’s long history of conflict, poverty, and social inequality. Armed groups often use sexual violence as a weapon of war to terrorize communities, exert control, and destroy social cohesion. However, sexual violence is not limited to armed actors. It also occurs within communities and families, perpetrated by individuals known to the victims.

“Sexual violence in eastern DRC is not just a consequence of the conflict; it is also a reflection of deeply ingrained patriarchal norms and power imbalances,” explains Professor Georges Nzongola-Ntalaja, a Congolese political scientist specializing in conflict resolution. “Addressing this issue requires a multi-pronged approach that tackles the root causes of violence, empowers women, and strengthens the rule of law.”

Historical Context and Regional Implications

The DRC has a long and tragic history of conflict and instability, marked by widespread human rights abuses, including sexual violence. The eastern region, in particular, has been plagued by armed conflict for decades, fueled by competition for resources, ethnic tensions, and political instability. The ongoing conflict in Goma has significant regional implications, contributing to cross-border displacement and exacerbating existing humanitarian crises in neighboring countries.

The international community has a crucial role to play in supporting efforts to address the crisis in Goma. This includes providing humanitarian assistance, supporting peacebuilding initiatives, and holding perpetrators of sexual violence accountable for their crimes. A comprehensive approach is needed to address the root causes of conflict, promote good governance, and empower women and girls to rebuild their lives and communities.