Today is World Hepatitis Day, a day dedicated to raising awareness about hepatitis—a liver inflammation caused by viral infections or liver damage from alcohol consumption. There are several forms of hepatitis, some of which are short-term (acute) and others that can cause long-term harm (chronic), including liver cancer.
Here is an overview of the different types of hepatitis and their modes of transmission:
Hepatitis A: Hepatitis A is caused by the hepatitis A virus and is contracted by consuming food and drinks contaminated with the feces of an infected person. It can also be transmitted through direct oral-anal contact, commonly known as "eating ass" or "ass licking," and by touching objects near the anus that have been infected. Usually, it resolves within a few months, but severe cases can occur.
To reduce the risk of viral transmission, doctors recommend using barriers such as condoms, dental dams, female condoms, or finger cots during sexual activities, especially for those who are sexually active and not in monogamous relationships. Vaccination is available for hepatitis A, and it is recommended for healthcare professionals, men who have sex with other men, children born to mothers with hepatitis B, and travelers to high-prevalence areas.
Hepatitis B: Hepatitis B (HBV) is much more easily transmitted sexually than HIV and can be found in vaginal secretions, saliva, and semen. Oral sex, particularly with heterosexual or homosexual partners, is a common mode of transmission. The risk increases when there are mouth cuts or orthodontic braces, but hugging or dry kissing does not spread the virus. Sharing contaminated objects, such as a vibrator, can also pose a risk.
Using barriers during sexual activities is essential to reduce the risk of HBV transmission. For those in long-term monogamous relationships with HBV-infected individuals, the risk of transmission is low. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for hepatitis B, but vaccination is available and recommended.
Hepatitis C: Hepatitis C (HCV) is mainly spread through blood-to-blood contact with an infected person. This can occur through sharing needles for drug injection, exposure to infected injection needle blood, unscreened blood transfusions, or sexual activities resulting in blood exposure. Oral sex during menstruation should be avoided to reduce the risk of HCV transmission.
Individuals who have a history of engaging in high-risk sexual behaviors, such as having sex with prostitutes or multiple sexual partners, are more likely to contract HCV. The risk of transmission within long-term monogamous relationships with HCV-infected partners is relatively low.
Chronic hepatitis C can lead to serious complications, including cirrhosis and liver failure. Unfortunately, there is currently no vaccine available for hepatitis C.
Hepatitis E: Hepatitis E is caused by the hepatitis E virus and is commonly transmitted through the fecal-oral route, primarily via contaminated water. Eating raw or uncooked contaminated animal meat can also transmit the virus. While hepatitis E typically presents as a mild and temporary infection, it can pose a significant threat to individuals with compromised immune systems.
In conclusion, hepatitis is a complex condition that can lead to liver damage, liver failure, and liver cancer. Symptoms include abdominal pain or bloating, dark urine, pale or clay-colored feces, fatigue, fever, itching, jaundice (yellowing of the skin or eyes), loss of appetite, vomiting, and nausea.
It is crucial to be aware of these potential risks and take necessary precautions to protect oneself and others. Regular vaccination, practicing safe sexual behaviors, and avoiding the consumption of contaminated food and water can help prevent hepatitis transmission and its potential consequences.